"In this talk, I explore how Dungeons & Dragons co-creator Gary Gygax discussed Tolkien’s influence on D&D. Connections between the two are unmistakable in areas like D&D’s fantasy nomenclature, thematic concerns, and preoccupation with fantastic storyworlds. Despite these connections, though, Gygax often disclaimed pure inspiration, saying he drew on Tolkien more for his popularity.
I begin by explicating connections between D&D and Middle-earth, how the Tolkien Estate responded, and what survived its two lawsuits. I consider how Tolkien’s position on adaptations, articulated in his letters, might have extended to D&D; I then examine Gygax’s own statements disclaiming true Tolkienian influence. These statements are fraught, I argue, thanks to venue (wargaming & gaming magazines), audience (wargamers), and exigency (commercial concerns & fear of being labeled mere “fans”). I also consider what Gygax, and D&D, might have stood to gain by disclaiming their undeniable Tolkienian roots."
